Chemistry reference sheets
Conversions, the mole, nomenclature, and the math behind reactions.
Unit Conversions & Dimensional Analysis
SI units, metric prefixes, and the factor-label method for converting between units in chemistry, including mole, density, and temperature conversions and the sig-fig rules that apply to them.
The Mole, Molar Mass & Particle Count
How to count atoms and molecules with the mole, find molar mass from the periodic table, and convert between grams, moles, and particles using Avogadro's number.
Naming Compounds: Ionic & Covalent Nomenclature
How to name and write formulas for ionic and covalent compounds, including transition-metal Roman numerals, polyatomic ions, covalent prefixes, and common acids.
Balancing Equations & Reaction Types
How to balance a chemical equation by inspection using conservation of mass, plus how to recognize synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion reactions.
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry uses the mole ratios in a balanced chemical equation to convert between amounts of substances — covering the mole ratio, mole-mole and mass-mass problems, limiting reactant, and theoretical vs. percent yield.
The Gas Laws
Boyle's, Charles's, and Gay-Lussac's laws, the combined gas law, and the ideal gas law PV=nRT — with R values, STP, and the 22.4 L/mol molar volume, worked step by step.
Solutions & Molarity
A quick-reference guide to solutes, solvents, and molarity, covering the M = mol/L formula, the M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ dilution equation, how to prepare a solution, and key concentration vocabulary.
Acids, Bases & pH
A one-page reference on Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry acid-base definitions, strong vs. weak acids and bases, the pH/pOH scale, the pH = −log[H⁺] formula, neutralization reactions, and common indicators.
Periodic Trends
How atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, and metallic character change across periods and down groups, and why effective nuclear charge and electron shielding drive each pattern.
Atomic Structure & Electron Configuration
Protons, neutrons, and electrons, isotopes, atomic number vs. mass number, orbitals, and how to write electron configurations using the Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion, Hund's rule, and noble-gas shorthand.
Thermochemistry Basics
How chemists track heat flow in a reaction: exothermic vs endothermic, enthalpy (ΔH) sign conventions, the q = mcΔT calorimetry equation, specific heat, and heating curves.