Attributions.

Credits for the openly licensed images and simulations used in RestedTeacher.com lessons.

RestedTeacher.com lessons pair our own original artwork with openly licensed diagrams, photos, and interactive simulations. This page credits the openly licensed material that can appear in lessons.

Most diagrams are original artwork created in house by Keypair Software LLC, and some images come from public domain or CC0 sources. Neither requires a credit, so they are not listed here.

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)

These images are used under a Creative Commons Attribution license. Each credit names the author and links to the original source.

Body Fluid Compartments. OpenStax, Anatomy and Physiology 2e, Section 26.1 Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments (Fluid Compartments in the Human Body figure). Source
Classification of Joints. OpenStax, Anatomy and Physiology 2e, Section 9.1 Classification of Joints. Source
Copper Nugget. Jurii / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 3.0. Source
Cross-Bridge Cycle. OpenStax, Anatomy and Physiology 2e, Figure 10.11 The Cross-Bridge Muscle Contraction Cycle. Source
Dehydration Synthesis vs Hydrolysis. Concept after OpenStax Biology / Wikimedia Commons — house artwork. Source
Demographic Transition Model. Max Roser / Our World in Data / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 4.0. Source
DNA Replication Enzymes (reference table). OpenStax Biology 2e, section 14.4 (Table 14.1) / CC BY 4.0. Source
Double Circulation (Pulmonary & Systemic Loops). Science after OpenStax Biology 2e, section 40.1 Overview of the Circulatory System / CC BY 4.0. Source
Enzyme rate vs pH. Gal m / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 3.0. Source
Enzyme rate vs temperature. Gal m / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 3.0. Source
From Fertilization to Implantation. OpenStax, Anatomy and Physiology 2e, Section 28.2 'Embryonic Development' (figure: Pre-Embryonic Cleavages). Source
Gibbs Free Energy vs. Temperature (Four Cases). OpenStax Chemistry 2e / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 4.0. Source
ICE Table Worked Example (Ammonia Synthesis). OpenStax Chemistry 2e / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 4.0. Source
Laboratory Hot Plate. Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 2.5. Source
Marine (ocean) food web. Aditee Mitra & Suzana Gonçalves Leles / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 4.0. Source
Monomers to Polymers — The Four Macromolecules (reference table). OpenStax Biology 2e, section 3.1 Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules / CC BY 4.0. Source
Nucleotide Structure (phosphate, sugar, base). OpenStax Anatomy & Physiology / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 4.0. Source
Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration (comparison table). Science after OpenStax Biology 2e, Ch. 5 (Photosynthesis) & Ch. 7 (Cellular Respiration) / CC BY 4.0. Source
Predator-Prey Population Cycles. OpenStax (Concepts of Biology) / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 4.0. Source
Saturated vs. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Matteo cornelio17 / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 4.0. Source
Silicon Chunk (Metalloid). Jurii / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 3.0. Source
Sliding Filament Model. OpenStax, Anatomy and Physiology 2e, Figure 10.10 'The Sliding Filament Model of Muscle Contraction'. Source
Types of Species Interactions. OpenStax, Biology 2e, Section 45.6 Community Ecology. Source
Types of Synovial Joints. OpenStax College, Anatomy & Physiology, Fig. 9.10 Types of Synovial Joints. Source
Yeast Cell (simple eukaryote). Domdomegg / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 4.0. Source

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)

These images are used under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Each credit names the author and links to the original source.

1 Mole of Carbon (12.00 g on a Balance). Julen Artano / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Acid-Base Indicators Range Chart. Damitr / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Age-Structure Pyramids (Expanding, Stable, Declining). Kopiersperre / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Analogous Structures (Convergent Evolution). Vanessablakegraham / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Atomic Orbital Cloud Shapes (s, p, d, f). Geek3 / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Atomic Orbitals s/p/d/f m-Eigenstates. Geek3 / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Avogadro Number Cube. cmglee, NordNordWest, Kelvinsong / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Avogadro's Number on a Calculator. PRHaney / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Beakers (Glass Laboratory). Hannes Grobe / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 2.5. Source
Beer-Lambert Law in Solution (Demo Photo). Amirber / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Bernoulli's Principle. MannyMax, vectorized by Pbrks / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA 3.0. Source
Biomes of the World. Ville Koistinen (Vzb83), updated by Berkserker / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Blood Glucose Regulation (negative feedback). Carogonz11 / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Bohr model — carbon (2, 4). Greg Robson, modified by Pumbaa / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 2.0 UK. Source
Bohr model — oxygen (2, 6). Greg Robson, modified by Pumbaa / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 2.0 UK. Source
Bunsen Burner Flame Types. Arthur Jan Fijałkowski / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Buoyancy & Archimedes' Principle. MikeRun / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA 4.0. Source
Burning Magnesium Ribbon. Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Chromosome Anatomy (duplicated chromosome). Magnus Manske, Dietzel65, vectorized by Tryphon / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
CIA Triad (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability). John M. Kennedy T. (JohnManuel) / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Competitive vs Noncompetitive Enzyme Inhibition. California16 / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Concave (Converging) Mirror Ray Diagram. Cronholm144 / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Continuity Equation (pipe flow). MikeRun / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA 4.0. Source
Cooling Curve of Water. Wizard191 / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Covalent Bond Formation in H₂. Jacek FH / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). Batka savemazaalai / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Crucible with Tongs. Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
d Orbitals (full five-orbital set). User:Sven / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
DDoS Attack (botnet). Nasanbuyn / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Defense in Depth (onion model). Wikimedia Commons contributor (Kbolino) / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Digital Signature. Acdx / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Diverging (concave) lens ray diagram — virtual image. DrBob (English Wikipedia) / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA 3.0. Source
DNA vs RNA (structure comparison). Sponk / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
DNS Resolution Sequence. Aaron Filbert (EVhotrodder) / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Dry Ice Sublimating in Water. Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Ecological Energy Pyramid. Swiggity.Swag.YOLO.Bro / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Ecological Succession (Primary vs Secondary). Concept after 'AP Biology — Primary Succession Drawing' / Wikimedia Commons — house artwork. Source
Elastic vs. Inelastic Collision. Lookang / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Electric Flux Through a Surface. Nicoguaro / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA 3.0. Source
Endosymbiotic Theory (Origin of Mitochondria & Chloroplasts). Mrmw / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Equipotential Lines (dipole). MikeRun, based on Geek3 / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA 3.0. Source
Erlenmeyer Flasks (Three Sizes). Lucasbosch / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Euclid's algorithm flowchart (example). Somepics / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Eutrophication. Hans Hillewaert & U.S. EPA / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Eye Wash Station. Ildar Sagdejev (Specious) / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Fermentation (Anaerobic Pathways). Tjhackmann / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
For-loop flowchart (example). Giacomo Alessandroni (Galessandroni) / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Free-body diagram — mass on an incline (weight components). Mets501 / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA 3.0. Source
Galvanic vs. Electrolytic Cell. Bigspace4 / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Gateway Firewall. Harald Mühlböck / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Geiger-Marsden Apparatus (Cross-Section). Kurzon / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Genetic Drift — Bottleneck vs Founder Effect. TedE, vectorized by Mysid / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Graduated Cylinders — 10/25/50/100 mL. Niharika Singh / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Haber-Bosch Ammonia Synthesis. Francis E. Williams et al. / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Haber-Bosch Process Flow (N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃). Francis E Williams / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Halogens Side-by-Side (Cl, Br, I). W. Oelen / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Heating Curve (Temperature vs. Heat Added). Bohrium2b / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Helium Atom (Electron Cloud Model). User:Yzmo / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Hot Plate with Magnetic Stirrer. Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Hydrostatic Pressure with Depth. MikeRun / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA 4.0. Source
Ideal Gas Law Relationships. Cmglee / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Intermolecular Forces Compared (London / Dipole-Dipole / Hydrogen Bond). Danielchemik / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Iodine Clock Reaction Photo. Daniel J. Lulu / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Ionic Radius vs. Atomic Radius. Popnose / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
IPv4 Packet Header. Michel Bakni / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Lead(II) Iodide Precipitating. PRHaney / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Loop Entering a Magnetic Field (Faraday / Lenz). Offaperry / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA 4.0. Source
Magnesium + HCl Reaction. Dr.T / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Magnesium Metal Crystals. Warut Roonguthai / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Man-in-the-Middle Attack. Miraceti / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Metallic Bonding (sea of electrons). Muskid / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Moments of Inertia (basic shapes). Guy vandegrift / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA 4.0. Source
Motion Graphs — Position, Velocity, Acceleration. MikeRun / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
One Mole of Four Different Substances (Beakers). GloriaBo / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Oxidation vs. Reduction Half-Reactions (OIL RIG). Cmglee / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Pedigree — autosomal dominant inheritance. Jerome Walker / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Pedigree — autosomal recessive inheritance. Jerome Walker / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Photoelectron Spectroscopy — Reading a PES Graph. Bvcrist / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Positive Feedback Loop. Hannah.gray05 / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Predator-Prey Cycles (Lotka-Volterra). AspidistraK / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Primary Succession (example). Caseylm95 / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Program Flowchart (standard symbols). Booyabazooka (SVG), Wapcaplet (original) / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Projectile trajectories at different launch angles (15°–90°). Cmglee / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA 3.0. Source
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). Chris (Chrkl) / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Punnett square — incomplete dominance (red × white → pink). Spencerbaron / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Punnett square — test cross (find an unknown genotype). KatieAnn127 / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
RC Discharging Curve. MikeRun / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Reaction Rate vs. Time (effect of temperature). Brazosport College / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Retort / Ring Stand with Burette Clamp. Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Scientific Method (flowchart). Efbrazil / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Scientific Method as an Ongoing Process. ArchonMagnus / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Secondary Succession. Katelyn Murphy / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Series resistors — worked example (R₁, R₂, … Rₙ in series). Omegatron / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA 3.0. Source
Silicon Sphere for the Avogadro Project. CSIRO / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Sodium Metal Sample. Dnn87 / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Soil Horizons (soil profile). Tomáš Kebert & umimeto.org / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Solution Saturation — Three-Beaker Comparison. Dr.T / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
SQL Injection Attack. Batka savemazaalai / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
The Carbon Cycle. Aristidetraian / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
The Greenhouse Effect. ZooFari / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
The Keeling Curve (atmospheric CO₂). Oeneis / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
The Nitrogen Cycle. Johann Dréo, Joanjoc, Raeky (English version) / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
The Phosphorus Cycle. Concept after USGS phosphorus cycle (Evans & Perlman) / Wikimedia Commons — house artwork. Source
The Phosphorus Cycle. Bonniemf / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Thermite Reaction in Progress. Nikthestunned / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Three Modes of Natural Selection. Ibbiologystudentone / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Torque (force, position, moment arm). StradivariusTV / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA 3.0. Source
Total Internal Reflection & Critical Angle. Josell7 / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
tRNA Structure (Cloverleaf). Yikrazuul / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
Types of Malware. Gelibnuira / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Vestigial Structures. OpenStax / Boundless Biology via LibreTexts / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Von Neumann Architecture. Kapooht / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source
VPN Tunnel Overview. Michel Bakni / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Watch Glasses (Laboratory). Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Water Cycle (hydrologic cycle). Ehud Tal / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Watershed / Drainage Basin (example). SilentSword22 / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0. Source
Zinc in Copper(II) Sulfate Solution. Toby Hudson / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0. Source

PhET Interactive Simulations

Interactive simulations by PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder, licensed CC BY-NC 4.0 (NonCommercial). Because that license does not permit embedding inside a paid product, each simulation links out to phet.colorado.edu in a new tab rather than playing inside a lesson. Each simulation is also credited on the slide where it appears.

Acid-Base Solutions. PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Atomic Interactions. PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Balancing Chemical Equations. PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Build an Atom. PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Capacitor Lab: Basics (PhET). PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Circuit Construction Kit: DC (PhET). PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Collision Lab (PhET). PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Concentration. PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Coulomb's Law (PhET). PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Energy Skate Park: Basics (PhET). PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Faraday's Electromagnetic Lab (PhET). PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Faraday's Law (PhET). PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Forces and Motion: Basics (PhET). PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Geometric Optics (PhET). PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Gravity and Orbits (PhET). PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Greenhouse Effect (PhET). PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Hooke's Law (PhET). PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Isotopes and Atomic Mass. PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Masses and Springs (PhET). PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Molarity. PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Molecule Shapes. PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Natural Selection (PhET). PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
pH Scale (PhET). PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
PhET Energy Forms and Changes. PhET Interactive Simulations / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
PhET Gas Properties. PhET Interactive Simulations / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
PhET Gases Intro. PhET Interactive Simulations / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
PhET Rutherford Scattering. PhET Interactive Simulations / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Photoelectric Effect (PhET). PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Projectile Motion (PhET). PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Reactants, Products and Leftovers. PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
States of Matter. PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source
Under Pressure (PhET). PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder / CC BY-NC 4.0. Source

Academic standards

Every lesson is built against the standards a teacher picks for their state and course. The standards themselves are written and published by others, not by us. Each one is shown with the code and wording of the framework that published it, so a teacher can check a lesson against the source. The lesson around a standard is our own work.

Common Core State Standards

Where a state has adopted the Common Core State Standards, the standards shown in the app come from that framework, published by the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and the Council of Chief State School Officers. Their public license asks that every publication or public display carry this notice, which is why you also see it at the bottom of every page and inside every handout and export.

RestedTeacher.com and Keypair Software LLC are not affiliated with, and are not endorsed by, the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices or the Council of Chief State School Officers.

Other standards frameworks

Academic standards are published by the relevant state department of education or standards organization. A state framework is published by that state's department of education. The Next Generation Science Standards are published by their own authors. Advanced Placement course frameworks are published by the College Board, and for those courses the app stores only the neutral unit and topic structure rather than the wording of the course description. Each publisher holds the rights in its own text, and naming a publisher here is a credit rather than a claim of any relationship with them.